The Past participle  a past form of a verb that may be used in conjunction with another (auxiliary) verb in certain past tenses.

  • The past particple may also be used as an adjective: gone, worked, written. The past participle of regular verbs is formed by adding the following endings to the stem of the verb.
    • Past Participle Endings

    -ar Verbs

    -er Verbs

    -ir Verbs

    habl- ado

    ten- ido

    ven- ido

     

  • The following verbs have irregular past participles in Spanish
    abrir - to open abierto
    cubrir -to cover cubierto
    decir -to say dicho
    escribir- to write escrito
    hacer -to do hecho
    morir -to die muerto
    poner -to put puesto
    ver - to see visto
    volver - to return vuelto
    romper -to break roto
  • In Spanish, most past participles may be used as adjectives.  As such, they agree in number and gender with nounds they modify.
    ¿La gasolinera está abierta?
    No, está cerrada?
    Tengo una goma pinchada ye el parabrisas está roto.
    Is the gas station open?
    No, it is closed?
    I have a flat tire and the windshield is broken


    Practice with past Participles:What are the past participles of the following verbs:
    dormir

    romper

    estar

    comer

    poner

    		 cubrir

    recibir

    hacer

    cerrar

    ser

    		 caminar

    pedir

    decir

    comprar

    morir

    		 abrir

    ver

    volver

    aprender

    escribir
  • Using the elements from the two columns below and the verb estar, create ten descriptive sentences.
    Modelo:  ventanas  /  cerrar

    Las ventanas están cerradas.
    los hombres

    Pedro

    la gasolinera

    la carta

    los frenos  - the brakes

    las puertas - the doors

    el neumático

    la mesa

    el parabrisas - the windshield

    		 pinchar  - to puncture

    arreglar - to fix

    cerrar

    morir

    dormir

    escribir (en español)

    hacer (de madera)

    abrir

    romper


    The Present Perfect Tense  is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle of the verb to be conjugated.  This tense is equal to the use in English of the auxiliary verb have + past participle, as in I have spoken. 
    Present of haber (to have)
    he

    has

    ha

    		 hemos

     

    han

    *Note:  The verb (haber) to have is only used as an auxiliary verb

    The Present Perfect Tense
    yo

    tú

    él, ella, Vd

    Nosotros(as)

    ellos,(as), Vds

    		 he hablado

    has hablado

    ha hablado

    hemos hablado

    han hablado

    		 he tenido

    has tenido

    ha tenido

    hemos tenido

    han tenido

    		 he venido

    has venido

    ha venido

    hemos venido

    han venido


  • The Progressive Tense  is formed by using the present tense of the verb Estar and the Spanish equivalent of the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb to be conjugated. 

    The progressive form of regular verbs is formed by adding the following endings to the stem of the verb.
    Progressive Tense Endings

    -ar Verbs

    -er Verbs

    -ir Verbs

    habl- ando

    ten- iendo

    ven- iendo

  • The following verbs have irregular progressive tense forms in Spanish
    Pedir-to ask
    decir-to say
    dormir-to sleep
    morir-to die     		pidiendo
    diciendo
    durmiendo
    muriendo
    Servir -to serve
    leer -to read
    traer -to bring
    Ir -to go     		sirviendo
    leyendo
    trayendo
    yendo
    *Notice that the -i of -iendo becomes y between vowels.

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